The Village fund and future of agriculture in Indonesia

POLICY - government poured in Act 6 of 2014 on the village, 114 Permendagri Guidelines Rural Development, Regulation 113 of 2014 regarding the Financial Management of the Village and other legislation relating to the village fund has made the village (village) into objects "sexy" for some, because the flow of hundreds of millions of rupiah into account the Village. As mentioned Governor Zaini Abdullah, Aceh received an allocation of village funds (ADD) amounting to Rp 3.8 trillion in 2016 to 6474 the village are scattered in 23 districts / cities (foyer, 11.04.2015).

We certainly hope the village allocation fund is so big it does not make the position holders or apparatus such gampong keuchik (village head) as the highest levels of government fiduciary village caught in legal problems later on.

The fund is a heavy burden as well as a valuable capital for development at the village level if the course is well managed and well targeted, but if management is not based on established procedures, the "heap" big fund that it will be a catastrophe. As is the case in some areas in 2015 when responsibility ADD ago. We know, in the Village, revolving funds usually only about tens of millions, so as not to confuse them in mengelolannya.

The purpose of ADD as listed in Permendes 5 Year 2015 About Priority Setting Use Village Fund 2015, Article 5 states that funds can be used to improve the welfare of the villagers and the quality of life and reduce poverty through the development of local economic potential (points c). In Article 7 is added, as referred to in Article 5 letter b and c, ADD can be used to support the development targets of the leading sectors such as: a) support food sovereignty; b) supporting energy sovereignty and c) support the development of maritime and marine.

 potential village

From several points above show that, the village the opportunity to boost the economy and welfare funds wide open with their ADD. Government gives full authority to the village authorities to empower the potential of locally owned village. Aceh has great potential in agriculture, fisheries and marine. BPS (2014) report, the agricultural sector remains an area that provides the largest share in employment in Indonesia, including Aceh ie 46.52%, followed by the services sector (20.72), trade (17.06), the rest of the manufacturing sector (4,05) and others (11.64).

From the above data we can see that the agricultural sector is still the backbone of the economy for the people of Aceh today, even down to the front. Hence the government making agriculture as the leading sector in the development, supposedly since January 1, 2016 Indonesia, including countries in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which opens wide market-wide for each country who are members of the forum.

The main problems of the agricultural sector to this day is still very complex from upstream to downstream. On the upper level, circle the sticking is a narrow area of ​​land (0.5 ha / farmer), land tenure, farming systems are still traditional, the use of non-certified seed (food crops, plantations, hortkultura) and while in the downstream availability of capital in farming. Until now, farmers have difficulty accessing capital to finance his farming business, financial institutions such as banks are still reluctant to give credit to farmers for the agricultural sector is still regarded as unpromising and full of risk (high risk).

With the presence of government through the Law 6 of 2014, all parties hope the Village Fund may be a solution and a trigger or tipping point in overcoming the various problems faced by farmers, especially the problem of capital can teratasin so that their dependence on financiers (employer-employer) in the village can diminimilisir , With these funds are expected to decide the patron-client system between landlord-peasant that has existed since the colonial period and can be reappointed bargaining position (bergaining position) farmers on the results of his farming operation. Mark Granovetter (2013) mentions, traditional social groups (farmers) was miserable and difficult to rise because of lack of capital, so they are difficult to build a social network between communities.

Without qualified human resources, abundant village funds would not be useful for pembagunan bahkanakan backfire for managers in the Village. Provincial and local governments / municipalities should prepare strategies to realize these funds effectively. It is of course by preparing a companion who is really competent in their fields (expert) without intervention from any party to the recruitment and ureung not factored in, so they passed. As the frontline in the success of the empowerment program, they are required to work extra and understand the real needs of society.

In addition to hiring a facilitator with high competence, the government must also improve HR village, especially the office holders such as keuchik and other village. For the smooth development program, the dimensions of which should not be overlooked is the public participation from the planning, implementation and development escort. Such participation does not come with its own without strong social capital in the community. Social capital in question is the functioning of a modern society in giving a role to the development of economic, social, political, and democracy.

In recent years, social capital in the Aceh such as the nature of togetherness or confidence (trust) are included in mutual assistance more strained. Many things can affect such environmental behavior especially after the tsunami in Aceh. Plus Trustmasyarakat the executive and legislative increasingly faded due to disappointing tingkahmereka feudalistic lower class society, so that social capital tend dimilikipun eroded and materialistic.

 strategic effort

To strengthen the movement villagers built at the government through the Ministry of Rural, Transmigration and Disadvantaged Areas, it would require some strategic efforts: First, the existence of responsive efforts, such as the ability to be sensitive or have a responsiveness to the aspirations or the needs of the community to serve as a basis for policy planning rural development. This ability to incorporate the community in rural development planning agenda. Important provide a portion more to the community, especially in planning mechanism needs to be set, this is where the foundation of independence of the village was built.

Second, strengthening the institutional structure of the village including farmers groups who became the leading sectors. Susunankelembagaan community and social structure has a central role in development. Changes in social behavior and norms in the community are expected to support the sustainability of the development program. In reaffirm farmer groups needed microfinance institutions at low interest rates (soft loans) that does not strangle the farmers, as well as to save the farmers from the capitalistic system and confront capitalism to be destructive to the economy of farmers.

Third, the implementation of appropriate information technologies. In the era of information technology today, the village inevitably have to follow the developments, especially the implementation of a computerized system in the orderly administration. In improving the productivity of the leading sectors such as agriculture also need to utilize appropriate technology course with regard to the utilization of environmental sustainability for present and do not interfere with future generations the opportunity to enjoy it.

Lastly, the importance of the network (network) and relationships. Networking is the ability of village government and citizens to develop relationships with external parties in order to develop the economy of the village. Association head of the village or market forum, for example, can be used as a forum to build partnerships between villages. So that the products produced in the village there is a guaranteed market and not become goods "stopper trench" as is the case in some areas when the abundance of agricultural products during the harvest. Likewise, collaboration with universities and NGOs related to the introduction of the latest research. Hopefully!